Distribution patterns of nitroaromatic compounds in the water, suspended particle and sediment of the river in a long-term industrial zone (China)

Nitroaromatic compounds are known to be hazardous to ecological and human health. To assess the status of nitroaromatic compounds contamination in the main rivers in the important industrial bases of the northeastern China, we collected water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment samples from 28 sites in the Daliao River watershed and analysed them for eight nitroaromatic compounds by gas chromatography. The total concentrations of eight nitrobenzenes in the water column including aqueous and SPM phases ranged from 740 to 15,828 ng L^???1, with a mean concentration of 3,460 ng L^???1. The total concentrations of eight nitrobenzenes in the sediment were 7.47 to 8,185.76 ng g^???1, with a mean concentration of 921.98 ng g^???1, and several times higher than those found from the Yellow River in China. 4-Nitrotoluene was the predominant contaminant in the water and sediment of the three rivers of the Daliao River watershed. 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline was generally dominant in the SPM. The levels of nitroaromatic compounds were different among different sites in the Daliao River watershed, mainly caused by the distribution of pollution sources. No obvious correlation was found between the total concentrations of eight nitrobenzenes concentrations and TOC or the slit-clay content of the sediments.     

Framework for integration of urban planning, strategic environmental assessment and ecological planning for urban sustainability within the context of China

Sustainable development or sustainability has been highlighted as an essential principle in urban master planning, with increasing recognition that uncontrollable urbanization may well give rise to various issues such as overexploitation of natural resources, ecosystem destruction, environmental pollution and large-scale climate change. Thus, it is deemed necessary to modify the existing urban and regional administrative system so as to cope with the challenges urban planning is being confronted with and realize the purpose of urban sustainability. This paper contributed to proposing a mechanism which helps to make urban planning with full consideration of issues with respect to sustainable development. We suggested that the integration of urban planning, SEA and ecological planning be a multi-win strategy to offset deficiency of each mentioned political tool being individually applied. We also proposed a framework where SEA and ecological planning are fully incorporated into urban planning, which forms a two-way constraint mechanism to ascertain environmental quality of urban planning, although in practice, planning and SEA processes may conditionally be unified. Moreover, as shown in the case study, the integration of the three political tools may be constrained due to slow changes in the contextual factors, in particular the political and cultural dimensions. Currently within the context of China, there may be three major elements which facilitate integration of the three political tools, which are (1) regulatory requirement of PEIA on urban planning, (2) the promotion or strong administrative support from government on eco-district building, and (3) the willingness of urban planners to collaborate with SEA experts or ecologists.     

Modelling the Transport of Oil–Mineral-Aggregates (OMAs) in the Marine Environment and Assessment of Their Potential Risks

Spilled oil can interact with suspended particles in marine environments and form oil–mineral aggregates (OMAs). Some OMAs with densities higher than seawater density can settle to the seedbed to pose potential risks to benthic organisms. To understand the transport and fate of oil associated with OMAs and evaluate their potential risks, an integrated hydrodynamic and fate/transport model has been used in a hypothetical case study of 1,000 tonnes of South Louisiana oil spilled in the Bristol Channel. Several scenarios have been simulated under different wave and current conditions. By using OMA properties derived from laboratory measurements reported in literature, it has been found that the risk to the benthos is unlikely for the two hypothetical cases with strong currents, but it is likely for the wave only (weak current) case. The effects of other factors such as OMA properties and sediment concentration were also examined in terms of their effects on the transport process and risks.     

搞好安全监理,确保施工工程安全

安全生产关系到国家财产和人民群众的生命安全,关系着全社会的和谐,关系到改革开放、经济发展和社会稳定的大局.……     

轻质油品外浮顶储罐火灾扑救力量部署

简要分析了轻质油品外浮顶储罐的火灾特点、火灾类型以及灭火方法,重点对密封圈火灾和浮顶爆炸火灾的扑救力量部署进行了分析确定.     

一起由竹夹板着火引起的爆炸事故分析及防范

分析了一起由竹夹板着火引起的空罐爆炸事故,事故原因是竹夹板被点燃后,燃烧产生大量一氧化碳、氢气和甲烷,从而引发了爆炸事故,提出了预防类似事故的措施.     

实验用水对高锰酸盐指数准确度的影响

高锰酸盐指数是水质监测的主要项目之一,它是地表水和地下水受还原性无机物和有机物污染的重要衡量尺度。简单介绍了高锰酸盐指数测定中对实验用水的要求及实验用水的处理方法,通过对七个标准样品的实验测定及讨论,得出实验用水对高锰酸盐指数的测定是不可忽视的,尤其对标准样品影响最为严重,它带来的不仅仅是误差的问题,而是会导致错误的结果。因此在高锰酸盐指数的测定分析中,一定要严格控制实验用水使其符合要求,以提高测定的准确度和精密度。     

火电厂节水及废水“零排放”系统综述

随着水资源日益紧缺和环保要求的严格,为保证电力工业快速和健康发展,节水势在必行。作为工业行业的耗水大户-火电厂,必须提高水资源的重复使用率和节约用水,才能有效地实施火电厂废水“零排放”。本文介绍了火电厂废水“零排放”应用现状,概述了火电厂废水“零排放”实现的措施以及确保火电厂废水“零排放”的有效方法。     

水质毒性检测方法的对比研究

随着环境污染加剧,需要在水环境污染物监测方面有一种快速、灵敏、低廉的监测方法,以确保水资源的环境安全。本文选取国内比较常用的五种方法——发光细菌毒性实验法、斑马鱼毒性实验法、大型蚤类毒性实验法、藻类急性毒性实验法、蚕豆根尖微核法,以重铬酸钾（K2Cr2O7）配制成待测溶液测定水质毒性,通过实验比较了各种方法的灵敏性、准确性、可靠性。分析比较了这几种方法的优缺点和研究概况,并对存在的问题给出了建议,为加速国内水质检测应用提供了思路。     

邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物正辛醇-水分配系数的QSPR研究

采用PM3算法计算邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的量子化学参数,应用偏最小二乘(PLS)算法建立了PAEs的正辛醇-水分配系数(K_OW)的定量结构-性质相关(QSPR)模型.模型的结果表明,用量子化学参数建立的QSPR模型相关性显著,具有较好的稳健性和预测能力,因此,利用该模型可对其他PAEs分子的lgK_OW值进行初步预测.模型的结果表明,影响lgK_OW的主要量子化学参数是分子总能量TE、相对分子质量M_r、平均分子极化率α和分子生成热ΔH_f.lgK_OW随着M_r和α的增大而增大,随着TE和ΔH_f的增大而减小.